Stepper Motor Menggunakan Bascom AVR (Tugas Mikroprosesor)

Motor stepper mengubah pulsa-pulsa listrik yang diberikan menjadi gerakan-gerakan diskrit rotor yang disebut langkah (steps). Nilai rating dari suatu motor stepper diberikan dalam langkah per putaran (steps per revolution). Motor stepper umumnya mempunyai kecepatan dan [torsi] yang rendah.

Motor stepper bekerja berdasarkan pulsa-pulsa yang diberikan pada lilitan fasanya dalam urut-urutan yang tepat. Selain itu, pulsa-pulsa itu harus juga menyediakan arus yang cukup besar pada lilitan fasa tersebut. Karena itu untuk pengoperasian motor stepper pertama-tama harus mendesain suatu sequencer logic untuk menentukan urutan pencatuan lilitan fasa motor dan kemudian menggunkan suatu penggerak (driver) untuk menyediakan arus yang dibutuhkan oleh lilitan fasa.

Elemen-elemen berikut menentukan karakteristik suatu motor stepper:

1. Tegangan, motor stepper biasanya mempunyai tegangan nominal. Tegangan yang diberikan kadang-kadang melebihi tegangan nominal untuk mendapatkan torsi yang dibutuhkan, tetapi dapat menyebabkan panas berlebih dan mempersingkat usia motor. 
2. Hambatan, karakteristik lainnya adalah hambatan-per-lilitan. Hambatan ini akan menentukan arus yang ditarik oleh motor, dan juga mempengaruhi kurva torsi dan kecepatan kerja maksimum motor.



Gambar Rangkaian dengan Proteus ISIS

3. Derajat per langkah (step angle), faktor ini menentukan berapa derajat poros akan berputar untuk setiap langkah penuh (full step). Operasi setengah langkah (half step) akan melipat-gandakan jumlah langkah-per-revolusi, dan mengurangi derajat-per-langkahnya. Derajat-per-langkah sering disebut sebagai resolusi motor.
 

Pada tutorial ini akan membahas tutorial stepper motor dengan menggunakan Bascom AVR dan Proteus ISIS.

Berikut code bas-nya :

$regfile = "m16def.dat"
$crystal = 1000000

Config Kbd = Portb
Config Lcd = 16 * 2
Config Lcdpin = Pin , Db4 = Portc.4 , Db5 = Portc.5 , Db6 = Portc.6 , Db7 = Portc.7 , Rs = Portc.0 , E = Portc.1
Config Portd = Output
Config Porta = Input

Dim A As Byte , B As Byte , Key As Byte , C As Byte , D As Byte , E As Byte

Cls
Cursor Off

B = 0
D = 1

Q:
Locate 1 , 1
Lcd "Direction:"
Locate 2 , 1
Lcd "Speed:"
Do
'************Read Keyboard
A = Getkbd()
If A > 15 Then
   Goto Q
Else
   Key = Lookup(a , Dta)
     If Key <= 9 Then
           B = B * 10
           B = B + Key
'*************Direction
          If D = 0 Then Lcd B
                   Waitms 270
               Elseif Key = 10 Then
                   Locate 1 , 11
                   Lcd "Left"
                   C = 1
                   D = 0
                   B = 0

               Elseif Key = 11 Then
                  Locate 1 , 11
                  Lcd "Right"
                  C = 2
                  D = 0
                  B = 0
'****************reset
               Elseif Key = 13 Then
                  Cls
                  D = 1
                  B = 0
                  Portd.0 = 0
                  Portd.1 = 0
                  Waitms 50
                  Goto Q
'****************Enter key
               Elseif Key = 14 Then
                   If D = 0 Then
                       Select Case C
                          Case 1 : Gosub R
                          Case 2 : Gosub T
                       End Select

                   End If
         End If

End If

Wait 1

Loop

End

Dta:
Data 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 11 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 12 , 13 , 0 , 14 , 15

R:
Do
Portd = &B00000001 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000011 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000010 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000110 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000100 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00001100 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00001000 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00001001 : Waitms B
  If Pina.0 = 1 Then
      Locate 2 , 1
      Lcd "Speed:"
      B = 0
      Lcd B ; "          "
      Return
  End If

Loop

T:
Do
Portd = &B00001001 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00001000 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00001100 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000100 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000110 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000010 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000011 : Waitms B
Portd = &B00000001 : Waitms B
   If Pina.0 = 1 Then
       Locate 2 , 1
       Lcd "Speed:"
       B = 0
       Lcd B ; "          "
       Return
   End If

Loop

Dan ini video tutorialnya :

BASCOM TEAM :

1. Yoga Mustofa (41408120004)
2. Andri Kamiludin (41408120030)
3. Odih Harjum (41408120001)
4. Andi Nurcahyadi (41408120036)
5. Agus Dwiyanto (41408120003)
6. Ronald Jackson Manuhutu (41408120057)
7. M. Ady Nurs (41408120014)
8. Jeffry Klau
9. Agustinus Sigit  

 

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